Country Facts
Welcome to Neblina Forest Peru!

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Information

Come along to wonder with Peru's and South America's birds and wildlife.
Experience with us the silence on the wings of the birds, and their songs.
Let us introduce you to our team.

Peruvian terrain can be classified in three regions: western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), and eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva). Along its 2,414 km coastline on the Pacific Ocean, there is a mainly desert plain interrupted by a series of rivers which form valleys where human populations have settled down over the last 10,000 years.

Main coastal cities lay at some of the ancient Peruvian human settlements. The elevation extremes are its lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m, and its highest point: Nevado Huascaran 6,768 m. Peru shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia. A remote slope of Nevado Mismi, a 5,316 m peak, is the ultimate Peruvian source of the Amazon River.

Climate

varies in Peru from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid climate is present mainly in the Andes. Temperature depends both on the altitude and on the season with extreme values present in the southern end of the country and on the mountain tops.

Environment - current issues:

Deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes.

Natural hazards:

Earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity

Historical remarks

Source:
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/co.html

"Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by the Spanish conquistadors in 1533. Peruvian independence was declared in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces defeated in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980, but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency.

President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures and an economic slump in the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction with his regime.

FUJIMORI won reelection to a third term in the spring of 2000, but international pressure and corruption scandals led to his ouster by Congress in November of that year. A caretaker government oversaw new elections in the spring of 2001, which ushered in Alejandro TOLEDO as the new head of government; his presidency has been hampered by allegations of corruption."

Some Facts about Peru
Sources:
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/pe.html

Peru is located in Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador. It shares borders with Bolivia (900 km), Brazil (1,560 km), Chile (160 km), Colombia (1,496 km [est.]), and Ecuador (1,420 km). It extends over a total area of 1,285,220 sq km (land surface: 1.28 million sq km and territorial sea: 5,220 sq km). It is slightly smaller than Alaska. It shelters a total population of 27,925,628 people (July 2005 est.). The languages spoken are Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large number of minor Amazonian languages.

Peruvian ethnic groups are as follows: Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%. Peruvians are Roman Catholic 81%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.4%, other Christian 0.7%, other 0.6%, unspecified or none 16.3% (2003 est.). About literacy, 87.7% of the total Peruvian population age 15 and over can read and write (2003 est.).

Main Airports

Sources:
http://www.azworldairports.com/airports/p1370ctg.htm
http://worldaerodata.com/countrieshttp://worldaerodata.com/countries
http://www.photius.com

Lima (Jorge Chavez International Airport - LIM) Elevation: 113 feet, 34 meters. Cuzco (Teniente Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport - CUZ) Elevation: 10860 feet, 3310 meters

Other interesting web sites

Instituto de Recursos Naturales
http://www.inrena.gob.pe/

References

Field Guide to the Birds of Peru - Clements and Shany
http://www.hbw.com/lynx/es/books-on-birds/neotropical/GUI0002-field-guide-birds-peru.html
Field Guide to the Birds of Machu Picchu - Walker
https://www.hbw.com/lynx/es/books-on-birds/neotropical/DIST0025-field-guide-birds-machu-picchu-cusco-region.html

Recommended Books

Before you start your trip to Peru, please check.

In these section you will find an updated list of books on Peru and South American Wildife with its commercial links.
This is an always-growing literature, which we have also helped to develope.

Libros sobre Sudamérica

Consideren revisar algunos de los siguientes libros, los que usamos nosotros como referencia, para que Usted esté preparado para su viaje a Sudamérica:

Kricher & Plotkin's Neotropical Companion (Compañero Neotropical - Ecología de los Tropicos)

BIRDLIFE's Important Bird Areas for Bird Conservation in the Tropical Andes Andes Áreas Importantes para la Conservación de las Aves en los Andes Tropicales - (¡Versión Gratuita en Español aquí!)

Wheatley's Where to Watch Birds in South America(Donde observar aves en Sudamérica)

Al Gentry's A Field Guide to the Families and Genera of Woody Plants of North west South America (Guía para las Familias y Géneros de Plantas Leñosas del Noroccidente de Sudamérica)

Libros por País

Ridgely and Greenfield's Birds of Ecuador

Ecuador
Pearson's Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands
De La Peña & Rumboll's Birds of Southern South America and Antarctica
Bolivia Remsen, Melvin & Taylor's An Annotated List of the Birds of Bolivia (Paperback)
Brazil Souza's All the Birds of Brazil an identification guide
Colombia Hilty & Brown's A Guide to the Birds of Colombia
Guyana Singh's An Introduction to the Birds of Guyana
Perú Clements & Barnes' A Guide to the Birds of Peru

Pronto vendrán más libros...

Peru Facts

Sources:
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/pe.html

Contact Peru

To our e-mails: XAVIER, MERCEDES or ; GUSTAVO
to our Ecuador phone numbers +(593-2) 239-3014,
+(593-9) 759-1359, + (593-9) 449-0498

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